BASICS OF OPERATING SYSTEM CLASS IX

 1. Name any two popular operating systems?

 Ans1. Windows 7, Linux

2. What is operating system? 

 Ans2. An operating system is a program, which acts as an interface between a user and the hardware (i.e. all computer resources). For eg. Windows 7, MS DOS etc.

3. Write the full forms

a. MS DOS- Microsoft Disk Operating System 

b. MAC OS- Macintosh Operating System

4. Describe any two roles of an operating system? 

Ans4. Two roles of an operating system are

1. Program execution- The command interpreter is a part of any operating system. It receives the commands from any application or system program, interprets it and then executes it.

2. Providing user interface - A user interface refers to the way an operating system interacts with its users. An operating system has two parts: kernel and shell. The kernel is responsible for interacting with hardware and the shell is responsible for interacting with the user. The shell acts as the command interpreter which takes the commands from the user, interprets them and takes action accordingly. Shell provides the user interfaces.

5. What are the major components of a computer system?

 Ans5. Major components of a computer system are:- 

1. The Hardware 2. The Operating System The Application Software 4. The Humanware (users) 

Operating Systems- Shell and Kernel

 Operating system has broadly two components: Shell and Kernel. 

The shell part is responsible for interacting with the users and  The kernel part is responsible for interacting with hardware. The shell act as the interpreter which does these things:

 i. Get the commands/instructions from the user. 

ii. Translate the received commands / instructions into the machine language. 

iii. Pass the translated command to the Kernel to get it done. The Kernel is the core part of an operating system. It functions at a basic level, communicating with the actual hardware and managing resources, such as CPU and the memory. It works as an interface between the user applications and the hardware. Functions of operating system broadly fall into three categories- Essential functions, monitoring functions and service functions. Essential functions ensure effective utilization of computer system resources, monitoring functions monitor and collect information related to system performance and service functions enhance facilities provided to user. 

Major Functions of Operating System

1. Processor Management 

2. Memory Management 

3. File Management

 4. Device Management

 5. User Interface 

1. Multiple choice questions:-

 i. When the computer has to react within a guaranteed time to an input, which type of operating system is best?

 a. Multi-tasking b. Real time processing

 c. Batch Processing 

ii. Which type of operating system allows multiple tasks to run at the same time, each taking turns using the resources of the computer? 

a. Real- time processing b. batch processing 

c. multi-tasking

 iii. Which of the following is NOT an operating system? 

a. Linux b. Windows XP c. Bendix 

2. What are the different types of operating systems? 

Ans2. The operating systems are of mainly following types:

 i. Single User OS ii. Multiprogram OS

 iii. Time Sharing OS iv. Real time OS 

v. Multiprocessing OS

 3. What is Multi-user system? 

 Ans3. A Multi-user system is a computer system designed to be used simultaneously by more than one user. A system that enable more than one user to access the same data at the same time. 

4. Write a short note on Device Driver. 

 Ans4. A device driver is a group of files that enable one or more hardware devices to communicate with the computer’s operating system. Each hardware device installed on a computer requires a different type of device driver or hardware driver. The device driver provides specific instructions to the operating system in order for the hardware device to perform properly. 

5. Explain Time Sharing Operating System?

 Ans5. This OS uses the time sharing technique. Each active user program is given a fair share of CPU time, if the time elapses or and I/O operation is requested, CPU shifts over to the next job waiting and the previous program is put to wait or handed over to I/O manager. The active programs are scheduled for execution using certain job scheduling techniques. Eg. BSD Unix, NOS/VE, Genie etc.

 

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